Podcast

For this week we've been introduced to a new application called podcast. Technically it is not something new as we've used and heard about it before.
Podcast is an audio and/or video file that can be broadcasted via the internet. It also can be downloaded to a computer or mobile device. The term 'podcast' comes from iPod and broadcast.

Podcast is useful for language leaner as students can:

• listen to existing podcasts
• create their own podcasts 

The best thing about podcast is it is super easy to produce. Basically you only need a voice recorder which is already in your smartphone and that's all. Well you also need an idea, duh. And if you want to make it extra you can edit it using audacity or any online audio editor like Bandlab.

Then, you can upload it on any online channel like YouTube, iTunes, SoundCloud or even blog. Personally, I love to listen to podcast on Spotify.

Computer Mediated Communication (CMC)

On our previous class, we have been introduced to CMC. CMC is an acronym for Computer Mediated Communication. This topic is closely related to topic CALL as it is a part of CALL.
CMC is form of communication or interaction between two or more people via separate computers through network connection. There are two types of CMC:

1. Synchronous 
2. Asynchronous

CMC in education started in the late 80's and 90's with the introduction of communicative CALL. It became widespread with the use of e-mail and forums. In fact, Internet Chat Rooms in the mid 90s allowed direct communications which allows synchronous CMC. In addition, CMC is implemented for long-distance teaching/learning in the late 2000s. Synchronous communications allow teacher teacher and learner to interact without being in the same location. It can be conducted through video conferencing and e-tutoring. Plus, e-lectures also become popular as short courses are available over the internet.

CMC aids in computer-supported collaborative learning. This is due to the ability of computer to enhance peer interactions and group work. Not only discussion but also collaborative production of works and problem solving. The examples are:

We can found many advantages of CMC like:

• no distance barrier
• mitigates time as a barrier
• makes collaborations much easier
• social influences and detriments are reduced or eliminated

However, there are also drawbacks that can be found such as:

• inhibitions related to the use of technology
• problems with access to technology
• lack of socio-emotional and non-verbal cue
• lack of real human contact

Web Appication: Powtoon

Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL)

On our last class, we have learned about CALL.
And I don't mean calling somebody on the phone or calling your friend from across the room.
CALL is an acronym for Computer Assisted Language Learning.
The topic is about how it is sound. Computer is used as an assistant in learning language. There are various types of CALL:

• CALL-specific software (online, CD)
• Web-based learning materials (website, blogs)
• Generic software (presentation software, spreadsheet)
• Computer-mediated communication (synchronous & asynchronus chat)

CALL is not something new, it has been used back in the 60s and has been improvised according to the latest technology.

Progression of CALL is as below:

Behaviourist        ➩         Communicative        ➩          Integrative 

	Behaviouristic	Communicative	Integrative
Characteristics	Based on behaviourist  learning theory Audio-lingual method The computer is the ultimate teachers aid Aimed to transfer textbooks and worksheets to computer based application	·       1970s - 1980s ·        Focused on language > perfect grammar ·       Teaches grammar implicitly rather than explicitly ·       Allows students to generate their own original utterance ·       Creates an environment where the usage of language becomes natural ·       Computer as tutor: -       Language games, text reconstructions, paced reading, pronunciation practice -       Students have more control, choice and interaction in answering -       Computer gives guidance but does not judge students -       E.g – Pronunciation Coach, Rosetta Stone ·       Computer as Stimulus -       stimulate student discussions, writing and critical thinking -       designed to train problem solving skills -       Games designed around the concept of ESL or critical thinking ·       Computer as a Tool -       the use of generic software as tools for language learning -       empowers students to use and understand the language -       E.g – Word Processor, Excel Spreadsheets and Publisher	The integration of real-world materials into CALL Began with the use of CD-ROMs to store large amounts of authentic media that can be used as materials Became popular with the development of high speed internet and widely accessible hypermedia Hypermedia: -       Non-linear medium of information that can include texts, audio and graphical media -       Includes both interactive and non-interactive media ·       The Internet and CALL -       Used for a variety of purpose -       Role of the English Language -       Learners are not only recipients but also communicators and creators
Advantages	·       Repetitive ·       Immediate feedback ·       Students can work at their own pace outside the classroom ·        Efficient record keeping	·       cheap and widely available ·        Emphasises on active student performance ·       Greater student involvement ·       Learning experience becomes much more authentic & entertaining
Criticisms	·       Theory based on on Operant Conditioning by B.F. Skinner (associated to the training of animals) ·       CALL activities should be built on intrinsic motivation and foster interactivity ·       Students are passive responders, not initiators		•             Quality of the authentic material varies between creators •             Not tailor-made for ESL •             Interactions over CMC may be authentic but prone to human mistakes